Android evolution

ANDROID 

• Android is a cell running gadget primarily based totally on a changed model of the Linux kernel and different open-supply software, designed broadly speaking for touchscreen cell gadgets along with smartphones and tablets. 
• Android is advanced with the aid of using a consortium of builders called the Open Handset Alliance and commercially subsidized with the aid of using Google. It become unveiled in November 2007, with the primary industrial Android device, the HTC Dream, being released in September 2008.

Hardware

               The predominant hardware platform for Android is ARM (the ARMv7 and ARMv8-A architectures), with x86 and x86-sixty four architectures additionally formally supported in later variations of Android. 

              The unofficial Android-x86 venture supplied help for x86 architectures beforehand of the professional help.Since 2012, Android gadgets with Intel processors started out to appear, which include telephones and tablets. 

               While gaining help for sixty four-bit platforms, Android became first made to run on sixty four-bit x86 after which on ARM64. An unofficial experimental port of the working gadget to the RISC-V structure became launched in 2021.

                Requirements for the minimal quantity of RAM for gadgets walking Android 7.1 variety from in exercise 2 GB for first-rate hardware, right all the way down to 1 GB for the maximum not unusualplace screen. Android helps all variations of OpenGL ES and Vulkan (and model 1.1 to be had for a few gadgets.

               Android gadgets comprise many non-compulsory hardware additives, which include nonetheless or video cameras, GPS, orientation sensors, devoted gaming controls, accelerometers, gyroscopes, barometers, magnetometers, proximity sensors, strain sensors, thermometers, and touchscreens. Some hardware additives aren't required, however have become trendy in positive instructions of gadgets, together with smartphones, and extra necessities observe if they may be gift. 

                Some different hardware became first of all required, however the ones necessities had been comfortable or removed altogether. For example, as Android became evolved first of all as a telecellsmartphone OS, hardware together with microphones had been required, at the same time as through the years the telecellsmartphone characteristic have become non compulsory.

               Android used to require an autofocus digital digicam, which became comfortable to a fixed-attention digital digicam if gift at all, because the digital digicam became dropped as a demand completely while Android commenced for use on set-pinnacle boxes.

In addition to walking on smartphones and tablets, numerous carriers run Android natively on everyday PC hardware with a keyboard and mouse.In addition to their availability on commercially to be had hardware, comparable PC hardware-pleasant variations of Android are freely to be had from the Android-x86 venture, which include custom designed Android 4.4. 

               Using the Android emulator this is a part of the Android SDK, or third-celebration emulators, Android also can run non-natively on x86 architectures.Chinese agencies are constructing a PC and cellular working gadget, primarily based totally on Android, to "compete at once with Microsoft Windows and Google Android". The Chinese Academy of Engineering cited that "greater than a dozen" agencies had been customizing Android following a Chinese ban on the usage of Windows eight on authorities PCs.

Features in Android 

Messaging

SMS and MMS are to be had sorts of messaging, together with threaded textual content messaging and Android Cloud To Device Messaging (C2DM) and now more desirable model of C2DM, Android Google Cloud Messaging (GCM) is likewise part of Android Push Messaging services. Android telephones additionally have the capacity to ship and get hold of RCS thru the messages app (if supported through the carrier).

Autocorrection and Dictionary

Android has an function known as autocorrection. When any phrase is misspelled, then Android recommends the significant and accurate phrases matching the phrases which are to be had in dictionary. Users can add, edit, and eliminate phrases from dictionary as according to their wish.

Web browser

The internet browser to be had in Android is primarily based totally at the open-supply Blink (formerly WebKit) format engine, coupled with Chromium's V8 JavaScript engine.

  Then the WebKit-the usage of Android Browser scored one hundred/one hundred at the Acid3 take a look at on Android four.zero ICS; the Blink-primarily based totally browser presently has higher requirements help.

•  The antique internet browser is variably regarded as 'Android Browser', 'AOSP browser', 'inventory browser', 'local browser', and 'default browser' (from the time it turned into constantly the default). 
• Starting with Android four.four KitKat, Google has all started licensing Google Chrome (a proprietary software) one at a time from Android, however normally bundled with (what maximum tool carriers did). 
• Since Android 5.zero Lollipop, the WebView browser that apps can use to show internet content material with out leaving the app has been separated from the relaxation of the Android firmware a good way to facilitate separate safety updates through Google.
• Voice-primarily based totally features Google seek via voice has been to be had for the reason that preliminary release. Voice moves for calling, texting, navigation, etc. are supported on Android 2.2 onwards.
• As of Android four.1, Google has elevated Voice Actions with capacity to speak lower back and study solutions from Google's Knowledge Graph whilst queried with particular commands.]The capacity to govern hardware has now no longer but been implemented.

Multi-contact

Android has local help for multi-contact which turned into first of all made to be had in handsets including the HTC Hero. The function turned into at first disabled on the kernel level (probably to keep away from infringing Apple's patents on contact-display screen generation on the time).

 Google has for the reason that launched an replace for the Nexus One and the Motorola Droid which allows multi-contact natively.

Multitasking

Multitasking of applications, with specific dealing with of reminiscence allocation, is to be had.

Screen capture

Android helps shooting a screenshot through urgent the strength and home-display screen buttons on the identical time.Prior to Android four.zero, the best techniques of shooting a screenshot have been via producer and third-celebration customizations (apps), or in any other case through the usage of a PC connection (DDMS developer's tool). These opportunity techniques are nevertheless to be had with the modern-day Android.

TV recording

Android TV helps shooting :and replaying it. 

Video calling

Android does now no longer help local video calling, however a few handsets have a custom designed model of the working machine that helps it, both thru the UMTS network (just like the Samsung Galaxy S) or over IP. Video calling via Google Talk is to be had in Android 2.3.four (Gingerbread) and later. Gingerbread permits Nexus S to area Internet calls with a SIP account. This permits for more desirable VoIP dialing to different SIP bills or even telecellsmartphone numbers.

 Skype 2.1 gives video calling in Android 2.3, together with the front digital digicam help. Users with the Google+ Android app can carry out video chat with different Google+ customers via Hangouts.

Multiple language help

Android helps a couple of languages.

Accessibility

Built-in textual content-to-speech is furnished through TalkBack for humans with low or no vision. Enhancements for humans with listening to problems are to be had, as are different aids.

Connectivity

Android helps connectivity technology inclusive of GSM/EDGE, Bluetooth, LTE, CDMA, EV-DO, UMTS, NFC, THAILAND and WiMAX.

Bluetooth

Supports voice dialing and sending contacts among phones, gambling music, sending files (OPP), gaining access to the telecellsmartphone book (PBAP), A2DP and AVRCP. 

Keyboard, mouse and joystick (HID) assist is to be had in Android 3.1+, and in in advance variations thru producer customizations and third-celebration packages.

Tethering

Android helps tethering, which lets in a telecellsmartphone for use as a wireless/stressed out Wi-Fi hotspot. Before Android 2.2, this became supported via way of means of third-celebration packages or producer customizations.

Streaming media support

RTP/RTSP streaming 3GPP PSS, ISMA, HTML innovative download .Adobe Flash Streaming (RTMP) and HTTP Dynamic Streaming are supported through the Flash plugin.[16] Apple HTTP Live Streaming is supported through RealPlayer for Android,[17] and through the running device due to the fact Android 3.0 (Honeycomb).

Media support

Android helps the subsequent audio/video/nonetheless media formats: WebM, H.263, H.264, AAC, HE-AAC (in 3GP or MP4 container), MPEG-four SP, AMR, AMR-WB (in 3GP container), MP3, MIDI, Ogg Vorbis, FLAC, WAV, JPEG, PNG, GIF, BMP, and WebP.

External garage

Most Android gadgets consist of microSD card slots and might examine microSD playing cards formatted with the FAT32, Ext3 or Ext4 report structures.

 To permit use of outside garage media which includes USB flash drives and USB HDDs, a few Android gadgets are packaged with USB-OTG cables. 

Storage formatted with FAT32 is dealt with through the Linux Kernel vFAT driver, at the same time as third celebration answers are required to deal with a few different report structures which includes NTFS, HFS Plus and exFAT.

Mascot

The mascot of Android is a inexperienced android robotic, as associated with the software's name. Although it has no reputable name, the Android group at Google reportedly name it "Bugdroid".

It turned into designed via way of means of then-Google picture fashion dressmaker Irina Blok on November 5, 2007, while Android turned into announced. 

Contrary to reviews that she turned into tasked with a venture to create an icon,Blok showed in an interview that she independently advanced it and made it open source.

 The robotic layout turned into to begin with now no longer provided to Google, however it quick have become not unusual withinside the Android improvement group, with diverse versions of it created via way of means of the builders there who favored the figure, because it turned into unfastened below a Creative Commons license.Its reputation among the improvement group subsequently brought about Google adopting it as an reputable icon as a part of the Android brand while it released to clients in 2008.